Friday, October 31, 2014

The duality of Universal consciousness, paired Universe

The duality of Universal consciousness, paired Universe
Number Two (dvi)----the duality of Universal consciousness

(The Sanskrit words in italic can be found in the Sanskrit-English Dictionary by Sir. Monier Williams available for free in the Internet at the address http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/monier/ .
The Sanskrit words are ‘ITRANS’ version as in the above mentioned dictionary.
This is written following the teaching of Rishi (seer) ‘Shri Bijoy Krrishna Chattopdhyay of Howrah’ (also was called Howrah’s Thakur---The God in Howrah) and his principal disciple Shri. Tridibnath Bandyopadhaya, the seers who preached the Vedas.)
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Number Two (dvi).
Two is that aspect of Consciousness which represents the state of duality of Consciousness.  It is a matter of normal observation that the organs of perception by which we perceive the world is ‘dual’ in most of the creatures, like two eyes or two ears. The physical science also shows the duality like positive and negative charges, centripetal and centrifugal forces, actions and reactions.
The entire universe is digitized in numerous ways. Any continuity is interspersed by break. The beginning and end, the day and night, life and death, crest and trough,  the space or void everywhere  between two physical objects (like inter atomic space) and so on. The word ‘digit’ seems have its root in the Sanskrit word ‘dvija’ meaning ‘twice born’ thus signifying the ‘duality’.

Pole or ‘meru’
Our Guru has explained the word ‘meru’ (meaning pole in Sanskrit) as ‘mae rupae’ or ‘my two forms’. Thus Consciousness in the process of defining or creating the universe, reveals the bi-polarity or duality. The basic duality of Consciousness, (and so of all of us), is ‘to speak’ & ‘to listen’. In Consciousness, ‘to speak’ means to make or to create. In Consciousness, ‘to listen’ means to ‘feel’ what is created. In Universal Consciousness, ‘feeling’ what is created also includes ‘all the states of the creature or the creature itself in all its entirety’. We never speak a single word without listening to what we speak.

Jaatavedas-the name of agni (fire, revealing Universal Consciousness)
Thus the Vedas have addressed Consciousness as ‘jaatavedas’ meaning ‘jaata’ (generating or creating) + vedas (knowing or feeling).It is for this reason, Vedas are called shruti which means the ‘act of listening’.

The ‘alphabets’ making the ‘duality’.
 ‘Two’ is dvi in Sanskrit. dvi is related to dyU or div (divinity) which means revealing.
The alphabet ‘da’ in Sanskrit is a ‘dental’ consonant. It signifies all the aspects of Consciousness regarding ‘dent, detonate’ and ‘donate’. The corresponding words in Sanskrit are : danta (tooth), dyut(to break, illuminate, irradiate), da (to donate, to give).
The word ‘danta’ (tooth>dental) is related to ‘word’ or ‘speech’.  The articulated words are processed through the teeth. The articulated, formed, defined or processed words are called ‘vaakya’. In Consciousness the words have materialized as the universe or creation. In us, our words are ideas or definitions in the mind. Our words remains within the bound of our individual mind or inner space (also called antaraakaasha---inner sky). We cannot create an object in the external. The physical world is held in the mind of the Universal Consciousness which we feel as the space outside. The external world is made of the words of ‘Universal Consciousness’.  The faculty of Consciousness by which Consciousness splits or radiates as a separate or dual entity is called ‘vaak’.   ‘vaak’ is the root of all ‘vaakya’ or processed words or defined entity. ‘vaak’ is also described as ‘vidyut’ or electricity. ‘vidyut’ means, ‘vi(bi—dual)+ dyut’(denotes)—the one which splits or detonates and creates dual from Oneness. It donates duality.
These two alphabets, ‘da’ and ‘va’ are the constituents of the word ‘dvi’ (two). The alphabet ‘i’ represents motion or movement or action. The act of speaking is called ‘vada’ and is also made of the two alphabets va & da.

The tongue of the goddess.
The tongue is the tool of articulation of the words in the air or in the career medium. The tongue articulates and gives birth to the ‘formed word’ or ‘formation’. It also tastes or feels. The tongue with the series of teeth are the artifacts of the Consciousness, Her aids in the creation.
Thus, there is a Vedic hymn on goddess vaak:
oShThaapidhanam asi  (covered by the lips) nakulI(without roots, cast & creed)
dantaih parivRitaa (surrounded by the teeth) pavi (flowing and cleansing)
jihvae (on my tongue) maa(never) vihavlah(falter)
chaaru (charming) vaacham (words) videhah maM(bestow on me)
Covered by the lips
Surrounded by the teeth
You, flowing and cleansing
Never falter on my tongue
Bestow on me the charming words.

The two tongues and Algebra.
The inner tongue is called ‘alijihvaa’ (the uvula or soft palate). The academicians say that ‘Algebra’ is from Arabic word ‘al-jabr’ as the subject mathematics was called by that name; however we have learnt from our Guru that the word is from the root word ‘alijihvaa’ meaning the ‘inner tongue‘ where lie the roots of the words. The subject Algebra deals with the ‘roots’ and in Indian language (like in Bengali) it is called ‘vIja (seed) gaNita(mathematics)’ or the mathematics of the ‘seeds’ or ‘roots’.

The Universal Pair—vaak and praaNa (earth and the fire; the shell and the spirit)
 ‘vaak’ is the shakti or faculty of Consciousness. Faculty of Consciousness is Consciousness. As ‘vaak’ makes Consciousness active, the active personality of Consciousness is called ‘praaNa’. Thus ‘vaak’ is the consort or ‘shakti’ of ‘praaNa’. The whole universe is created from the conjugal pair, ‘vaak’ and ‘praaNa’. ‘vaak’ splits, cuts, fragments Universal One or Consciousness into many and each such fragment is a ‘vaakya’ or a word. Thus all our feelings, senses are accompanied by words or sound. We feel means we listen. We do not talk without listening. Thus in you, inside you or in your consciousness, in every moment you are splitting as a word or in a form. This is as you speak. And every form or shape you take, you feel it;  i.e. it becomes an entity of yours and this is your ‘listening’.
These are the two basic actions by which we all live : speaking and listening. Speaking is associated with ‘vaak’ and ‘listening’ is associated with ‘praaNa’ or senses.
This universal pair, ‘praaNa’ and ‘vaak’, is the ‘mithuna’ or the copulation behind any creation. This is also known as ‘div’ / ‘dyu’ (heaven) and ‘bhU’ (earth), ‘saama’ and ‘Rik’, ‘agni’ (fire) and ‘pRithivI’(earth) in the Vedas.

Dual manifestation of vaak, praaNa and manas (mind).
In the process of creation, trinity, or three major steps of Universal Consciousness are observed. These are ‘vaak’, ‘praaNa’ and ‘manas’. Each step is a ‘personality’ and these three are also known as the three major deities.
Now, each step or each step of revelation happens in two forms. One form is called, ‘jyotI rUpa’ and the other as ‘sharIr’.
‘jyotI ruPa’ means the shining (jyoti) or revealing form(rUpa). ‘jyoti’ is related to the root word /alphabet ‘ja’ which is connected to the words related to ‘generation’ like ‘jan’ (to cause to be born), ‘jaata’ (born). Thus the word actually means ‘the  revealing origin’.

Thus the Vedas (Upanishads) have said:
(i)                              tasyoi (that) bachah(Vaak’s) pRithivI(earth) sharIram(is the body), jyotirUpam(illuminated form is) ayam(this) agni(fire)
The body of vaak is the earth (pRithivI—who sustains segregated existence in defined forms) and the revealing form is fire (agni—who is cast or made in a form). Thus every expression, every identity is the body made by vaak and is called pRithivI. In Vedas, the word pRithivI or earth has been used synonymously with the word sharIra or body.  Every word is a definition of Consciousness; every word is a shape of Consciousness or praaNa and shaped by the faculty of Consciousness called ‘vaak’. Thus ‘vaak’ is the mother of all the words. This entire universe is made of the union of praaNa with vaak. (You may refer to Chandogya Upanishad.)
Thus fire is there inside the earth, spirit is there inside the body, emotions are there inside a word.  vaak always defines Herself as vakya or the formed /defined word. This is pRithivI, the defined and isolated existence; the lonely earth.
In nature this is revealed as earth and electricity. Electricity, thunder ignites and produces ‘fire’ when it is earthed. This is also exhibited by the behavior of the earth as the enormous ‘ground’ or ‘sink’’ of electrical charges.

(ii)                            atha(and) aetasya(this) praaNasya(Praana’s) aapah(ap/water) sharIram (is the body) jyotIrUpam(the illuminated form is) asou(that) chandramaa(moon).
The body of praaNa is water  and the revealing form is this moon.
praaNa holds the entire creation to rear them up and controls them to get them back in the origin. praaNa is the revealing moon or lunar plane which controls all our cycles of birth and rebirth and our evolution. The body of praaNa is ‘ap’ or water(acquirement of Consciousness and the state of satisfaction where no thirst or desire is existing) where we as praaNa’s acquirement remain.

(iii)                           atha(and) aetasya(this) manasah(mind’s) dyouh(the divinity or heaven) sharIram (is the body), jyotiRupam(the illuminated form is) asou (that) adityah (aditya/sun).
The body of the mind is the divinity and the revealing form  is the sun.
In the mind all the dimensional world is held in the form of seed. In our Consciousness,  where we see the dimensional world  is called 'mind'.   They are all in One, in singularity or in aditya. aditya is the one  who is the son of aditi (aditi= a/without + diti/duality). The sun is aditya as the sun is ‘same’ to all of us, as the sun looks at every one , illuminates every one. It is the revealing, self-illuminated sphere in our external sky and is the plane of revelation or divinity. Thus, sun is aditya, the son of aditi who is the mother of the deities. The sun is dominating on the entire physicality, the vision, the shape, the dimensional world and is controlling our time. Controlling time means, assimilating us, bringing us back to Oneness. So is the name ‘aditya’. (Refer first Chapter of Brihadaranyaka Upanishad.) This control of time is distributed in us through the lunar plane and implemented in us through the terrestrial plane.
Whatever could be a revelation, it is from the mind. When mind is known like this, it is called ‘divine mind’. So, mind is also called the ‘third eye’. (See Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, First chapter).

svaahaa and svadhaa
agni (fire), the self-revealing Consciousness has two wives named  svaahaa and svadhaa. They are the faculty (Shakti) of agni. svaahaa means: sva(soul/self) + ah (call). The name by which the Consciousness calls Consciousness, Consciousness becomes the same, i.e. Consciousness creates the entity defined by that name . Thus Consciousness is called ‘svyaam (soul/self) prakaasha(revealing)’. ’ Thus this universe is the ‘call of Consciousness’. (This also explains why the English word ‘call’ is phonetically similar to the Sanskrit word ‘kaala’  and that in ancient time this knowledge was not limited to a certain geographical area.)
Another aspect is svadhaa. svadhaa=sva (soul/ self) + dhaa (to hold)—it is that faculty of Universal Consciousness by which Consciousness holds every bit of creation in HERSELF (in Consciousness).

Vision creating the duality, di-vision
Thus as the duality is created out of Oneness; the revealing plane (div/dyu, divinity/heaven) is set for subsequent creation. This revealing plane or revelation is the ‘vision’ or ‘eye’. This is video or ‘vid’. ‘vid’ in Sanskrit means ‘to know’. ‘To know’ means to ‘become’. To ‘become’ means creation or formation. Our eyes receive or see forms. In Universal consciousness, vision is both creative and receptive. Our vision is a part of Universal Consciousness.
The Sanskrit word ‘di’ means ‘division’ or it implies ‘duality’. Thus it is ‘division’ or ‘di +vision’ or the vision that creates duality. The physical seat of this vision or eye is the ‘sun’ in our planetary system and is the source of vision or light as well as the source of ‘time’ or ‘kaala’. This has also been addressed in the Vedas as the ‘heaven like eye of viShNu’------divi(div or heaven/ divine plane) iva (like) chakShu(eye) aatatam(spread all over) –the eye(vision) spread all over like the divinity (or revealing everything).(Rik Veda).
As explained below,  Vedic word ‘IkshaNa’ means ‘to see’ and also ‘action of time’.

indra and Virochana ---the two observers and the number thousand.

indra is the king of the deities and the son of aditi (a + diti = without duality).  The word indra means idam (it) + dra (seeing)----who is the observer and who is always seeing like, ’it is grass’, ‘it is flower’, ‘it is universe’…..and so on. indra sees everything in One. It has been mentioned in the Vedas that indra has thousands of eyes. indra has been called  sahasra (thousand) lochana(eyed).  sahasra etymologically means saha(along with + sravati (flowing----root word is sru).  So, sahasra or thousand means ‘atmana  saha ((along with immutable soul or ONE) sravati (flowing)----flowing along with the immutable soul’ . Thus is indra, who sees everything in immutable soul or Oneness. Another name of 'indra'  is 'indha'. 'indha' means ' one who is flagrant', i.e. one who reveals or makes the 'vision'.
The king of asura is known as virochana. He is the son of ‘diti’.  ‘diti’ is the personality or  the aspect of Consciousness who is the mother of duality’.
virochana etymologically means  = vi (bi—different) + rochna (shine, shine of the eye) =  who has different view or who is shining to reveal difference.
He is asuraasura means asu (praaNa) + ra (ra~njana--- dyeing/colouring). Thus asura means those who are obsessed by the shine or colour of praaNa and they don’t see the source of the shine. Thus duality prevails on them.

  Meaning ofdifferent—anya and second’
The word ‘anya’ means ‘different’, ‘different person or entity’. Etymologically, ‘anya’ means, anya=an+ya= controlled by ‘an’/animation or ‘praaNa’. Thus whatever is second or different is ‘anya’ and under the control of praaNa. It is noteworthy that ‘second’ means ‘a different entity or a different person’ and it is also a term for the unit of time or a measure of the action of ‘praaNa’.

Creation of Chromosomes / mithuna (copulation) in the beginning.(The paired universe).
(Below is briefly what the Seer in Brihadarnyaka Upanishad has described about the creation of duality in the beginning as seen in the Universal Consciousness. These are not some 'simplistic' theory. These are the descriptions, in simple words, of the  beginning of creation as experienced in Universal Consciousness. We don't need as pre-requisite, any  knowledge of a complicated theory or science. We can know it by our natural association with the Universal Consciousness as we are part and parcel of Universal Consciousness.)
In the beginning only Soul or One (aatman) was there but in a state of 'about to become many'. (This about to become many is described by a term called 'puruShavidha'. The word can be broken in two parts:
puruShavidha = puruSha +vidha.
puruSha= pur(shell or abode, dimension or body) + Sha (dissected or fragmented).
vidha= kind or form. It also means 'pierced or perforated'.
So, here 'puruShavidha' means who is about to become 'many in different dimensions'.)
He desired to be in micros (aNu--atom). (The words used in Upanishad is ‘sah anuvIkShya’. This means (i) He looked minutely; (ii) He longed / thought to become minute or split. The language of Sanskrit is also known as the language of gods. Every word is surprisingly potential and scientific. The word, ‘vIkShya’ is originating from the root, ‘vi+ IkSh’. The root word ‘IkSh’ means: to see, to activate time, to desire, to think’. The noun form ‘IkShaNa’ means  ‘I {action, shakti, faculty} + kShaNa{dimension of time} and also it means ‘look , thought’. These all are same in Consciousness;  to see means to reveal; Consciousness desires to reveal; revelation means action of time or flow of time.)
( Creation of 'I am').
HE (the soul or Universal One) looked around minutely and could not see any One else but HIM (ONENESS). HE first emerged (from absolute Oneness) as 'I am' ('aham asmi').
This is why even now, if anyone is invited (or called), the one first says 'I am so and so' and then the one 'mentions other names (things)as applicable'. As HE burnt (ouShat) the sins before (pUrva), so HE is called 'puruSha'. (Duality is the root of 'sin' or sense of 'sin'. If there is only 'ONENESS' who will commit sin to whom; if there is ONENESS, there is neither sin nor virtue. As HE was ONE  before all duality is created, so it is said that 'HE burnt all the sins beforehand'.)
(Creation of fear and loneliness)
HE was afraid. This is why anyone who is alone gets the fear. Then HE thought "since there can be none other than me then from whom I will have the fear". This is why HIS fear disappeared. Fear is created from the sense of duality.
(Since in the beginning HE could not see any one else but  'ONENESS', so already the 'sense of else or sense of duality' was created along with ONENESS. The above describes how the sense of 'fear' and 'loneliness' was created in the Universal Consciousness.)
But HE could not rejoice.
(In Upanishad, the word 'ram' is used for rejoice. 'ram' is a verb and means 'to enjoy, to stay with, to cohabit sexually' etc. The root word is from the alphabet 'r' which signifies revealing consciousness or agni/ praaNa or fire. The alphabet 'm' represents the earth, mortality or shell.) Thus the word 'ram' signifies the coupling of praaNa (fire) with vaak (earth). This is why, everywhere in creation, the life or praaNa or a creature is found with 'spirit' (fire) and 'dimension or body'{earth}).
This is why none alone can rejoice. So HE wanted to become 'second/different'. HE became only that much as is defined by a 'female and male perfectly embraced by each other'. HE, thus divided HIM in two. Thus was created the husband and the wife.
{After this, Upanishad has used the term ‘strI’ which means “ s(sRishTi/creation)+tra(three)+I (energy, faculty, shakti) -----the three fundamental faculties of Consciousness corresponding to three primary manifestation or trinity. Upanishad has mentioned that ‘any void is full of ‘strI’. So, void is not really void, it is full of Consciousness, it is full of ‘Mothers’ who are in the background of creation!
It is also like the loneliness or vacuum is removed by the 'wife'.
There is a name called ‘bahula’ in Chandogya Upanishad. This name has been ascribed to a form of ‘agni’ or 'praaNa'.  bahula means, ‘who is characterized for producing many or existing in ‘numerous forms’ ‘bahula’ is associated with ‘void’ or ‘sky’ in Vedic texts. The space or void that we see between any two entities is actually the faculty of Universal Consciousness who have created many and keeping them segregated or maintaining their individual existence. There is void between two physical objects; there is void between two minds.  So, this sky is full of the Mother or Mother’s energy creating and supporting the numerous forms of existence or HER numerous children}.
HE copulated and ‘human beings were created.
(My understanding of this sentence is:  ‘HE copulated and beings of higher orders and up to human beings were created';  because after this, creation of animals or creation of first copulation of animal plane has been described.  Two very significant words have been used (i) to represent copulation in the higher plane descending to human being and (ii) to represent the copulation in the lower plane. For the higher plane, the word is ‘sam –abhavat’. The word ‘sam’ stands for ‘sameness’, ‘parallel’  etc.
 ‘sam abhavat’ could mean ‘union’ happened with the feeling of sameness {or ‘same is in union with same’}. This also provides cues to why in Mythology and in Bible, ‘incest’ has been mentioned. For the animal plane the word ‘tir{tiras}’ has been used. ‘tiras’ has two meaning. It means ‘skewed or oblique’. It also means ‘secretly away’’. It is stated in the text that after the creation up to ‘human beings’ {which has been described as 'with sameness’}, the ‘female form' thought "how HE could come into me when I am created from HIM!". So, SHE decided to hide. Here the word ‘tir or tiras has been used’. The actual word in the text is ‘tiroasani---tirah asani’,  which means ‘SHE disappeared’. It is told that, after human beings(or seeds of human beings) are created, SHE disappeared when the next series of copulation to start. SHE became a ‘cow’ and then HE became an ox to copulate and similarly other male and female animal pairs were described for ‘first copulations’ which created the species. The significance is, that the word ‘tiras’ also means ‘skewed’ and is contrast to the word ‘sam’(meaning ‘straight’ or ‘same’) used for describing the word ‘copulation of the species who are mentally superior to animals'. Also, it is noteworthy that animals are called ‘titya~nch’ and the word  ‘tiryak ‘ meaning ‘bent’ is also used to describe animal kingdom. Thus as the creation or the revelation or the light (of aditya) descends, it becomes skewed and skewed, bent and bent, as happens when the light is refracted from a rarer medium (divinity) to the denser and denser medium toward stark physicality. Thus it is said in Upanishad (Chandogya), ‘... doureva(divinity) tirashchIn(bent) vansha(stem, genealogy, spine)’---divinity reveals as the bent stem of genealogy.





Friday, October 10, 2014

The Number of Consciousness (Zero, One and One and half)

Preface: In this article we have tried to present the personality of a few numbers as perceived in the Universal consciousness and described in the various Vedas/ Upanishads. In the present article the number ‘One’, ‘Zero’ and ‘One and half’ are described along with the general meaning of the word ‘sankhya’ (Number) and the counting process as working in the universe.

We have a plan to describe the following numbers: Two through Ten and other numbers in a series of articles to be published.

The Sanskrit words in italic can be found in the Sanskrit-English Dictionary by Sir. Monier Williams available for free in the Internet at the address http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/monier/ .
The Sanskrit words are ‘ITRANS’ version as in the above mentioned dictionary.
This is written following the teaching of Rishi (seer) ‘Shri Bijoy Krrishna Chattopdhyay of Howrah’ (also was called Howrah’s Thakur---The God in Howrah) and his principal disciple Shri. Tridibnath Bandyopadhaya, the seers who preached the Vedas.
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Numbers.
The number is called ‘saMkhyaa’ in Sanskrit. It means   sam + khyaa =  ‘samayk’ (appropriate)  + ‘khyaati’(description). Thus by the numbers anything can be appropriately described.
The word ‘kha’ means ‘sky’, ‘void’, ‘hollow’. It is that plane in consciousness where everything is neutralized.  The word ‘khyaati’ means the title or denomination or definition of the void. Thus ‘khyaati’ means numbering or describing what does not have any description. I am not sure of the linguistic root of the English word ‘number’, however, one thing is remarkable that the word ‘number’ is surprisingly similar to the combination of two Sanskrit words---- nama (name) + ambara (sky or void).

kraanti/kramaNa or count; meaning of the word ‘time’
The words which stand for transition and motion in a definite path are termed as kraanti , kramaNa in Sanskrit. These words imply the transition in the course of time. The word 'count' seems to be related to kraanti/ kramaNa/ kranTa.
We are naturally synchronized with many events which are happening in the nature. Like we are synchronized with the motion of earth and thus with the rise and set of the sun and with the seasons.  Our sense of time is generally the ‘sense of synchronization’. Thus in Sanskrit, time is called ‘samaya’ meaning sama (same) + ayana (path or orbit). But the other term for time in Sanskrit is ‘kaala’ which implies the control or action that brings about the changes. kaala is same as ‘kaama’. kaama means desire. It is the ‘desire’ of Universal Consciousness that makes everything moving and changing. Thus ‘kaama’ can be termed as ‘feeling or desire inside’ and ‘kaala’ as the ‘consequent action outside’.

Process of counting, ‘a’,’an’ and ‘aNa’
The active form or personality of Consciousness is called ‘praaNa’ which is ‘pra +aNa(ana)’ or ‘prime animation’.
Activity of Consciousness is naturally ‘animation’ or ‘ana’. This activity or praaNa introduces change which is felt as time. Action of praaNa or action of time consists of three distinct phases which are (i) beginning, (ii) existence (iii) termination. Probably the word ‘one’ is related to the word ‘ana’ or ‘an’ which also means the ‘praaNa’ or ‘god of animation’; thus the words ‘a’ and ‘an’ stand for a single entity or individual or for anything which is created from praaNa.
praaNa also means / implies ‘kaala’ or time. Activities of Consciousness are from the desire (kaama). Thus the activity of Consciousness or ‘praaNa’ is ‘kaama’ or desire and also ‘kaala’ or time that changes everything. So, with ‘praaNa’ the counting starts;  the moments, the days and nights, the weeks and months, the seasons, cycles and periods etc. all originate from praaNa.
Thus Veda  has said ‘sah (HE) akamayata (desired) ditIyah(dual) mae  aatmaa ( of my soul)  jayate (be generated)----HE (the creator) desired: ‘ let duality be created out of me’. (Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, First Chapter, second BramhaNa?Part, Fourth Hymn.)

akShara & kShara;  Number One and Zero
The Universal Soul or the Universal One who is in the beginning (of creation), is called ‘akShara’. ‘akShara’ means who does not decay. So, this word simultaneously creates the sense of ‘decay’ also. The creation from ‘akShara’ is called ‘kShara’ and it means who has been created by the decay of ‘akShara’. So, ‘akShara’ means who decays to become ‘kShara ‘ but still remains ‘same’ or ‘as it is’. Thus the entire creation is ‘kShara’ with the immutable, eternal ‘akShara’ as the origin.
In us we can feel ‘akShara’ as the ‘assertion-less self or soul’ as explained later in this article. When seen in individual or in micro, akShara is also called ‘puruSha’ (individual entity). 

The ‘praaNa’ as described in the previous section above is the activity of akShara or active form of ‘akShara’. ‘akShara’ splits in ‘kShara’ and akShara as praaNa   controls the kShara and brings them back in the origin or in HIM (akShara).

In Geeta, Krishna, has mentioned about ‘akShara’ and ‘kShara’ as two entities or individual. It is as below:
Davimou(these two) purushou (individuals) loke(in the universe) kShara cha akShara cha (kShara and akShara)
There are two individuals in the universe, called kShara and akShara.
kShara(kShara) sarvaNi(is all) bhUtani(those created)
kShara is all those who are created
kUtostha(who is in the peak or who is the root) akShara(akShara) uchhate(is called)
The one who is above all (above all kShara) is called akShara.
( In Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, the seer Yajnavalka have described ‘akShara’ in the third chapter, eighth BramhaNa/part, while answering the questions of the seer Gargi.)
So, akShara is ‘ONE and only ONE’. This is the plane of ‘singularity’. There is no ‘krama’or ‘succession’ or ‘sequence’ here. Time and space is in singularity here. kShara is ‘many’ and this ‘many’ is also part of ‘ONE’ and so ‘many’ is ‘ONE’. This is why ‘akShara’ has been described as ‘asa~Nga’ or ‘who never gets attached, touched or influenced by anyone else’. So, anything which is created from ‘akShara’ there will be a gap or void or space. If you remember above, we have mentioned ‘kha’ which means ‘hollow‘, ’sky’, ’void. It this void or gap which keeps ‘akShara’ isolated. At the same time, this void is not ‘void’, it is full of ‘praaNa’ or in this void the actions of Consciousness or ‘akShara’ acts to control the ‘kShara’. As long as we do not know this, ‘void’ remains as ‘inane’.
The word, ‘asa~Nga’ has another meaning. If everything is ONE, then who will touch whom, who will get attached to whom?
This control, the praaNa, which control ‘kShara’ is also the conduit or the thread between the two. So, praaNa is called ‘sUtrataatmaa’  means sUtra (thread) + aatman (soul) and also ‘vaayu’. vaayu means ‘air’ and connected with the root word ‘vaya’ meaning weaver; thus ‘praaNa’ has woven the network to connect evey one with everyone else.
Here is an extract from Brihadaranyakya:
(Gargi asking Yajnavalkya)
saa(she) ha ubacha (then said), “ yat(what is) Urdhvam(above) yajnavalkya(yajnavalkya) divah(the divinity) yat(what is also) avak(below) prithivya(the earth), yat(what) antaraa(inside) dyava(divinitiy) pRithivI(and earth) ime(this), yat(who is) bhUtam(the past) cha(and) bhavt(is the present) cha (and) bhaviShyat(future) cha(and) iti achakShate (is addressed),kasmin(where in) tat(that) otam cha protam cha (one is impregnated)?

Then she (Gargi) said: Yajnavalkya, the one who is above the heaven and below the earth, the one who is inside both the earth and the heaven, the one who is known as the past, present and future, do you know where this one is impregnated?


(Yajnavalky answering Gargi)
“……..aakaash (sky) aeva(is certainly) tat otam cha protam cha (that thing is impregnated)

The one is impregnated in the sky.

The word ‘sky’ is not the exact word for aakaash. Etymologically it means ‘aa (spread) + kash(radiance)’ ---so it means the all-pervading and radiating Consciousness.
 ‘Sky’ or ‘void’ means where all the ‘directions are in equilibrium. This is why, it is described that sky is above the heaven and below the earth and inside both the heaven and earth. Thus all spatial distribution or space is held in singularity in the sky or void. The origin of all dimensions is the ‘directions’. The sky or void is the plane where all directions are in equilibrium. What we call ‘direction’ in the physical space is ‘inclination’ in our personality. These ‘directions’ are ‘directions or inclination’ of ‘praaNa’. The way Consciousness or praaNa is inclined correspondingly the physical space is made. Similarly, in the sky, all dimensions of ‘time’ are in a singularity. This is what has been stated in the above extract from ‘Brihadaranyaka Upanishad’. So, this is the ‘kha’ (sky) in the word ‘saMkhyaa’ (number).

(Gargi asking Yajnavalkya)

“…….kasmin nu khalu aakaashah otah cha protoh cha iti”----- in whom the sky is impregnated?
(Yajnavalkya answering Gargi)

sah (he) ha(then) ubacha(replied) : aeat(this is) vai (certainly) tat (that) akSharam( akShara) gargi”---- He then replied:” Gargi, this is certainly that akShara”.

Yajnavalkya further described ‘akShara’ as beyond all the qualities which we sense in our perception. The words used to describe this aspect are significant. akShara is described by words like, ‘not coarse’, ‘not atomic’, ‘not short’, ‘not long’ etc. meaning that all the qualities likes ‘coarse’, ‘atomic’, ‘short’, ‘long ’etc. are there but not active in ‘akShara’. Here in akShara everyone, everything is there but they are in negativity; they are there but as ‘ONE’, as ‘akShara’, as Universal Soul and not in any way with separate identity. Thus it is zero and one both. Zero, because no one is active; One because it is One and no one else.

The number of praaNa , the number one & half (1.5)
The Universal consciousness as ‘akShara’ has split as different entities or ‘kShara’ and holds each entity as His/ Her own part/form. This aspect of holding and controlling is called ‘praaNa’. ‘ONE’ is holding the dissected One (second) in Oneness. This is 1+ ½ (dissected ONE) or One and half (1.5). 
The word ‘ardha’ in Sanskrit stands for the word ‘half’. This word ardha is from the root word ‘Ridh’ which means to grow. It implies the growing of ONE and thus denoted by ½, i.e. ONE grown or split into duality. The number ‘one and half’ conveys something more. This number in Sanskrit is called ‘adhyardha’ which means ‘adhi (over and above, additional) + ardha (half). praaNa has been described in Veda (Brihadarnyaka Upanishad) by this number with the explanation that praaNa is the deity (revealing personality of Consciousness) who while remaining One still grows i.e. who remains ONE as well as splits into many and grows. It also implies that though akShara as praaNa splits into many as different entities, still ‘akshara’ remains as ONE.  This universe is expansion of the Universal Soul or ONE and who remains ONE in all the sense of ONE though becoming many simultaneously. ONE sees ‘many’ as ‘ONE’ only as they are made of ‘ONE’ and created by ‘ONE’.

The description in Brihadaranyaka is as below:

katamah (who is) adhyardhah (one and half)?
Who is ‘one and half’?
yah(who) ayam(this) pavate(flows)
The very one who flows .
Tat(that) ahuh(say)
However it is said that
yat (that) ayam(like) aeka(one) iva(as if) pavate (flows)
‘It flows as if it is one’.
atha katahm (then how) adhyardhah (one and half)
Then how it is one and half?
Yat (since) asmin(in it) idam(these) sarvam(all) adhi ardhanat (grows)  ten (by that) adhyardhah (one and half)
By the fact that all these grow in/within it, it is called ‘one and half’.
katam (who is) aekah (one) aeva (so) ?
So who is the ‘one’?
praaNa, sah(he is) brahma(who is expanding as everything), tyat(that) iti achakShate (he is addressed).
‘One’ is praaNa, expanding as everything and he is thus addressed as ‘brahma’. (Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, third chapter, ninth hymn.)
The word ‘brahma’ is from the root word ‘bRih’ meaning ‘to expand’ or ‘to grow’. The word ‘brahma’ means ‘who has grown into everything’ or ‘who is growing into everything’

Assertion of ‘ONE’ and association
The word ‘aeka’ means one and consists of the vowel ‘ae’ which is used to express association like ‘aeShah gandhah’ (this fragrance) or aetani (all) sarvani(these) etc. ‘oi’ is the vowel in the Sanskrit alphabet series which is next to the vowel ‘ae’.  ‘oi’ is the expansion of ‘ae’ and used to ‘direct’ or used to specify ‘direction’. Thus, in Consciousness, before any activity, first comes the ‘sense of one with assertion’. This is expressed as ‘aham’ or ‘I am’. Once, the ‘ONE’ asserts as ‘I’, the next thing that happens in Consciousness is ‘association’ and then ‘fixing direction’ or ‘determination’.
aham or ‘I am’ is the first step or the first personality of the Consciousness in the process of  the assertion of Soul (or assertion-less One) or ‘akShara’. The immediate expression of this assertion is ‘aham’ or ‘I am’. Like we say ‘I am the one….’ or ‘I saw a flower’. Thus ‘I’ always gets associated with duality. The sense of ‘One’ is always associated with the sense of ‘duality’. ‘One cannot exist without the other or without a ‘second one’.
Hence, ‘akShara’ is zero and one; praaNa is one and half.

Expression of self and the rise of the sun
This also happens every day when we get up from the sleep. First we get back our-‘selves’ and then we get the rest of the world. The assertive ‘I’ loses its assertion as it sleeps. ‘I’ vanishes in its ‘assertion less form also called ‘soul’ or ‘aatmaan’ or ‘immutable soul’. Everyday morning, we get up, asserting as ‘I am’. The immutable soul does not sleep, does not change and does not die. Though we do not have the feeling of existence or non-existence during the sleep, still we say ‘I have slept well’. This is because the ‘soul’ remains as ‘I’ disappears in the soul during our sleep. Same thing happens during death. The subject of sleep, dream, wakefulness and of immutable soul have been dealt in great detail in Brihadaranyaka Upanishad.
Thus as the word ‘aham’ is the rise of ‘I’ or ‘I am’. The same rise of Consciousness in the external world is called ‘aha’ meaning ‘day’.

aham/ I am and the universe
 The word ‘aham’ signifies the permutations and combinations of all the alphabets, starting from the first vowel ‘a’ and ending with the last consonant ‘ha’. The expressions of Consciousness are the ‘words’. Anything, any being and the physical world is made of the ‘words’ of Consciousness. Similarly, our expressions are the ‘words’. Our feelings are made of ‘words’ and expressed by ‘words’. Thus the expression ‘aham’ signifies that ‘I am the entire Universe’. ‘I am’ all that can be created by the permutations and combinations of all the alphabets from the first vowel ‘a’ to the last consonant ‘ha’.  The alphabet ‘a’ denotes beginning thus the word ‘adya’ means ‘today’. The alphabet ‘ha’ denotes end or annihilation and thus the word ‘han’ means ‘to put to death’. So, ‘aham’ or ‘I am’ is everything from the beginning to the end. 'I am everything in the universe'. As the alphabets or the Consciousness as the ‘building elements’ make the word or the world, so the alphabets are also called ‘akShara’ in Sanskrit.

The divine ‘I’ and the ‘eye’-----indra the observer.
In the Upanishads, the ‘entity’ or the ‘being’ or the ‘individual’ has been stated to be located in the ‘right eye’ and is called ‘indra’. indra means ‘idam’ (it) + dra (observer)’.  So, indra is the one who is knowing or observing everything. So, each of us as a conscious being is indra.  The Vedas and mythology have mentioned about indra with thousands of wounds and indra with thousands of shining eyes. We are of course indra with thousands of wounds inflicted due to our vision mingled with senses of duality. Observing duality means observing everything else without knowing the ‘observer’ or the real self. Real self is the immutable soul or assertion less ‘self’ resting on whom the ‘act of observation’ happens.  In all our observations, we get coloured and tainted by what we observe but at the same time we remain ‘unchanged and untainted’ as the immutable soul in our core. This immutable soul is indra without wounds and is our root.  The wounds are the ‘effects’ of time which is the action of Consciousness and due to which we feel, we see, we hear……. We call them ‘wounds’ because our life leads us to the death because whatever we get or know we feel them as ‘different’. The fear stems from duality (dvitIyat vai bhoyam bhavati-----Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, First chapter, Fourth BraahmaNa, Second hymn); death is due to ‘knowing the world as different from self or Soul’.  If there is ONE and ONLY ONE where we will lose ourselves and who will scare whom! Here is a quote from Upanishad:
manasa aeva (by the mind) idam (it)  aptavyam (is achievable)
By the mind it is achievable.
na iha (not here) nana(difference) asti (exists) kinchana(at all)
No ‘difference’ exists here at all.
mRityoh (from the death / difference) sa(he) mRityum(death) gachati(goes)
From the death (or from the state of experiencing duality)he goes into death.
 Ya(who) iha(here) nana(different) iva(as) pashyti(sees)
Who here sees everything as different (from each other). (KaTha Upanishad, Second chapter, First part, eleventh hymn).

At one end the time is ‘moving’ at the other end we remain unchanged, immutable; there the time is ‘still’. This is why the term for eye in Sanskrit is ‘akShi’ which also means ‘axis’ (akSha in Sanskrit). Eye is the centre of the orbit and the One at the centre is fixed and immutable. Eye is the centre of time and vision. It is same as the sun in the external sky as the centre of vision (or light) as well as time. But the events, i.e. whatever we know or feel, obscure the immutable self or soul also called ‘aatmaan’ or ‘aatmabodh’ or ‘nijabodh’. Thus we feel only the events and not the obvious, always present ‘assertion less self’ or immutable soul beyond every association of ‘I’ or ‘self’ with the feelings or events.
Thus this central personality is the ‘I’ (Eye) or the ‘observer’. It is the ‘first’ person.
Here is an extract from Brihadaranyaka Upanishad on ‘indra’ and the eye:
indha (indha—one who is flagrant) ha vai (is certainly) naama (name) yah (who) ayam (in this) daKshiNe (right) akShamaN (eye) puruShah(entity or person); tam vai aetam (that he) indha santam(though being indha) indra iti (as indra) aachakShate (is called)----indha (one who is flagrant) is the name of the entity/person who is in the right eye; though he is indha (radiant or who produces light or vision) , still he is called as indra (who perceives what is produced as vision or who sees).(Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, fourth chapter, second Brahmin, second hymn.)

atma stouti---The Self praising hymns of the Universal Soul
Here is an extract from the hymns of Rik Veda on ‘Universal I am or aham’ sang by the goddess ‘vaak’ (see below for ‘vaak’):
aham (Iam)  raShtrI (the one reigning)
I am the one reigning!
 sangamanI (I act inside the) vasunaam (vasu)
I function inside the vasu ( vasu are the gods dominating on the stability;  thus ‘vastu’ means object and ‘vasu’ also means wealth).
chikituShi (I kindle the consciousness in all)  pratham(so I am the first) yaj~nianam(who is worshipped; activity of Consciousness is yaj~na)
I kindle the consciousness in all, so I am the first among those who is worshipped!
taam(those)  ma(me)  devah(deities) vyadadhuh (spread me) purutra (severally)
Those deities have been my dispersed forms everywhere
bhuristhatram (staying in multiple places) bhuri aveshayantim (pervading many)
I am present numerously everywhere, I am pervading everyone numerously.
maya (by me) so (that) annam (food) atti (one eats)
It is by me one eats the food
Yo (who) vipashyati (sees)
It is by me one sees
yah(who) praNiti (breathes)
It is by me one breathes
yah(who) im(only) shriNoti(hears) uktam (spoken words)
It is by me only one can hear the spoken words
amantavah (Those who do not know) mam(me) te(they) upakShianti (live on me)
Those who do not perceive me they also live on me
shrudhi (listen) shruta(deserving listener) shrdhivam (on what you can rely/ which provides shelter) te (to you) vadami (I am speaking)
Listen, you deserving listeners, these words those provide you the shelter and which I myself am speaking to you.
The above are parts of the hymns of ‘vaak’ (see below for vaak) and also known as ‘aatma stuti’---self praising hymns. These are part of Rik veda.
(If you wish you may read the all the hymns related to this divine ‘I’ speaking, you may read it in the following link:
We will discuss the other numbers in the subsequent articles.

(debkumar.lahiri@gmail.com)




Wednesday, May 29, 2013


This is an article on the moon, mind and the nectar 'soma', following the mysteries of the Vedas. It can be read in the link below.

http://www.scribd.com/doc/144235769/Treasures-in-the-Vedas-Soma-the-nectar-of-the-moon-and-mind-Part-1

Debkumar Lahiri

debkumar.lahiri@gmail.com